Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg (1568 – October 18, 1634) was an Austrian statesman, a son of Seyfried von Eggenberg (died 1594) and great-grandson of Balthasar Eggenberger (died 1493) of the House of Eggenberg.
| Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg | |
|---|---|
| Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, Giovanni Pietro de Pomis, after 1625 | |
| President of the Geheimen Rates (Privy Council) | |
| In office 1615–1634 |
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| Monarch | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Succeeded by | Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June 1568 Graz, Austria (Styria) |
| Died | 18 October 1634 (aged 66) Ljubljana, Slovenia (Carniola) |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Spouse(s) | Sidonia Maria Thannhausen |
| Children | Maria Sidonia, Maria Franziska, Maria Anna, Maria Margarita, Johann Anton |
| Residence | Schloss Eggenberg (Graz) |
| Alma mater | Tübinger Stift |
| Occupation | Diplomat, governor, financier |
| Profession | Statesman, nobleman |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
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Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg may only have been of simple parentage and had a Protestant upbringing, but, by his own means, he succeeded in becoming one of the most influential Catholic princes in the Holy Roman Empire within just a few decades outshining even his successful cousin, Ruprecht von Eggenberg.
His career, however, developed too quickly and too successfully for it to go unnoticed and unenvied. Contemporaries and historians have had differing opinions regarding Eggenberg's character: seeing him as a man ... who is successful at everything he does, a fellow of good fortune, with a reputation of being completely loyal to the Emperor, highly gifted and reliable, but also a corrupt and slippery customer. Both contemporaries and historians are, however, in agreement about his brilliant diplomatic talent, his personal charm and cleverness and his extraordinary manner of dealing with people.
Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg was born in June 1568 in Graz and had a Protestant upbringing, however, little is known about his childhood and youth. In 1583 he traveled to Tübingen, the heartland of German Protestantism, to study at the renowned Protestant university, Tübinger Stift, where he received a profound education. A famous associate of Hans Ulrich's, Johannes Kepler also received a first rate education at the Tübinger Stift and went on to write his first work, Mysterium Cosmographicum, while teaching in Graz.[1] The intellectual dimensions of this education were to later form the basis of the complex programmatic orientations of his new residence, Schloss Eggenberg.
After completing his studies, he embarked on the Grand Tour, a long educational journey undertaken by young noblemen of the period, which took him through the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy. After the death of his father in 1594, he returned to Graz to take over the safeguarding and administration of his estate and then soon began his career at the Court of Archduke Ferdinand in Graz. To be able to serve at court he had had to convert to the Catholic faith and subsequently also supported the strict counter-reformatory policies of the Archduke. Hans Ulrich's influence became ever stronger at the Inner Austrian court due to interventions by the Archduchess Maria of Bavaria, Ferdinand's mother. Although ten years his senior, Eggenberg soon became Ferdinand's closest friend and confidant, a relationship that was to last all his life.
Archduke Ferdinand was elected Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation in 1619. In his positions as the President of the Geheimrat (Privy Council) and Lord Chamberlain to his new Emperor, Hans Ulrich, the son of a merchant family from Graz, had risen to become one of the most significant and influential statesmen of his time during the period of the Thirty Years' War. Being something akin to a prime-minister according contemporary political understanding,[2] it is said that between the years of 1619 to 1634 Ferdinand II never made one single significant political decision without seeking the advice of his friend Hans Ulrich,[3] who remained loyal to him throughout the whole of this highly confusing and turbulent period and also throughout the rest of his life.
The grateful Emperor rewarded his loyal adviser by bestowing on him the highest honors and ranks of the realm. In 1598 his cousin, Ruprecht von Eggenberg along with the entire Eggenberg family including Hans Ulrich, was elevated into the Freiherrnstand (Barons Estate).[4] In 1620, Philip III of Spain named Freiherr Hans Ulrich a Knight of the Golden Fleece.[2] In 1623 Hans Ulrich received the promotion into the Reichsfürstenstand and the Eggenbergs were from then on princes and princesses.[5] By 1628 Fürst Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg was also named Duke of Krumau. Though, Eggenberg reached the pinnacle of his career in 1625 when he was made Gubernator (Governor) of Inner Austria. From this point on, he ruled "in the name of the Emperor" the Inner Austrian Patrimonial Lands with absolute power comparable only to an archduke[6] in political, legal and military matters. He was the only non-Habsburg governor to have ever been awarded and exercised such a position. This office also prompted him to commission the conversion of the medieval family castle on the western edge of Graz into a new and glorious residence, Schloss Eggenberg (Graz), to appropriately represent his new status.[7] Unfortunately he died of severe gout in October of 1634, before the palace was completed. Alongside his four daughters, Prince Hans Ulrich also produced a male heir to the Eggenberg dynasty, Johann Anton I who succeeded in attaining a position even his illustrious father had failed to attain, a seat among the princes of the empire in the Reichstag.
As an imperial minister he had skilfully succeeded in guiding his master on the throne despite facing numerous dangers and constant upheavals during these times of great change. He slowly and consistently worked on his ideas of a united "empire", which he saw as a strengthened central imperial power, at the expense of the feudal interests of the old noble families and the desire for autonomy of the princes of the realm. This way he became one of the major architects of the absolutist Habsburg state, which was to dominate and shape the century to come.
In Austria, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg has left a historical legacy behind. His masterpiece, Schloss Eggenberg (Graz), was the main motif of one of the most famous silver collectors coins: the 10 euro Eggenberg Palace coin minted on September 10, 2002.
On August 1, 2010 UNESCO expanded the registry listing of the City of Graz - Historic Centre to include Schloss Eggenberg among the World Cultural Heritage Sites.
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